Selecting Sub-recipients

Defining Sub-recipients

A Sub-recipient (SR) is an organization/entity engaged by a Principal Recipient (PR) to carry out programme activities that are part of a Global Fund grant. Taking into account that UNDP-managed Global Fund grants are implemented under Proposal Defined Engagement, an SR is also referred to as a ‘responsible party’ (RP), while UNDP is the ‘implementing partner’ (IP).

UNDP classifies SRs into three categories: 

• Government entities;
• Civil society organizations;[1] and
• United Nations agencies.

UNDP’s selection and capacity assessment procedures vary according to the SR category.

Sub-recipients versus goods and services providers

UNDP COs may engage the providers of goods and services in the implementation of a Global Fund programme, including private contractors. It is important to note that the legal agreement used to engage a provider of goods and services is different to that used to engage a SR. Table 1 below sets out considerations that are helpful in determining whether an entity is an SR or a provider of goods and services for the purposes of implementing GF grants. The UNDP Programme and Operations Policies and Procedures (POPP) (sets out policies) regarding the contracting of providers of goods and services, including those relating to the engagement of Private Contractors.

Table 1

Criteria	Sub-recipient	Service Providers
Type of organization	Government entity Civil society organization (CSO) United Nations agency	Academic institution Commercial entity Private company/business Provider of professional services
Type of activity	Programme activities defined in the Global Fund funding request. These are typically substantive development activities that require a substantive developmental approach: activities that lead directly to development outcomes and require selection of like-minded, non-commercial institutions.	Specific project inputs that do not require a substantive developmental approach: services that do not directly lead to development outcomes typically sold in the open market and provided by commercial non-development entities
Example of activity	Treatment HIV counselling and testing; TB and malaria testing Training Research Advocacy Community development Care of people living with HIV Behaviour change communication	Manufacture of goods Facilitation of the procurement of goods Storage and/or transportation of heath products Quality testing of health products Research studies and evaluations Innovation or delivery of services that is not directly tied to programme outcomes (e.g. provision of workshop services such as venue, meals, translation)
Values and vision	Share UNDP’s development values and vision	Do not necessarily share UNDP’s development values and vision
Availability	Interventions/services are not available in the open market	Services or goods are readily available and traded in the open market

Questions and answers:

Question: UNDP wishes to engage the services of an organization to distribute large numbers of insecticide-treated nets; should this be an SR or a private contractor arrangement?

Answer: It depends on the actual service to be provided:

If the service involves delivering the insecticide-treated nets directly to beneficiaries, then behavioural change communication is a critical component of the activity, and this should be contracted as an SR arrangement.

Excluded Organizations

Engagement of SRs should be in line with UNDP policy on managing partnerships.

Organizations included in the Consolidated United Nations Security Council Sanctions List are summarily excluded from becoming SRs because they are on a list of terrorism-linked institutions, established by the Security Council Committee.

Country Coordinating Mechanism membership of Sub-recipients

If an organization is a member of the Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM) and at the same time wishes to become a grant SR, it should consult the CCM Secretariat to obtain guidance on CCM membership and conflict of interest. In most CCMs, SRs can continue to act as CCM members, as long as they disclose the potential conflict of interest (please see Requirement 6 in the Global Fund  Guidelines and Requirements for CCMs), and do not vote on any decisions that affect them. However, since an organization cannot provide effective oversight of itself, SRs are usually not members of the CCM Oversight Committee. In the case of potential conflicts of interest when identifying or contracting SRs, UNDP COs should consult the UNDP Global Fund Partnership and Health Systems Team (GFPHST).

Identifying Sub-recipients

As PR, UNDP is responsible for identifying, selecting and contracting SRs. Although the Global Fund and the CCM cannot determine which organizations UNDP contracts as SRs, it is good practice to keep the CCM informed of the SR selection process. The SR selection process should be detailed, transparent, open and fully documented. [2]

There are several possible procedures for selecting SRs, depending on the type of SR required:

• UNDP identifies government entities and United Nations agencies as potential SRs exclusively through a Proposal Defined Engagement.
• UNDP identifies CSOs through either a UNDP Proposal Defined Engagement, a UNDP procurement engagement (i.e. strategic engagement) or other forms of engagement (i.e. programmatic) as described in the POPP on Engaging CSO/NGO as a Responsible Party.

The Proposal Defined Engagement for the selection of GF SRs differs from programmatic engagement as detailed in the POPP policy on Engaging CSO/NGOs as a Responsible Party. Programmatic engagement does not apply to GF SRs as they are considered Responsible Parties and not Implementing Partners. Please see more information below.

Proposal Defined Engagement

This modality is used only for the following entities: 

• All government entities (please refer to figure 1 below);
• United Nations agencies: in certain circumstances they may be asked to serve as SRs to provide technical support to grant implementation in line with their organization’s expertise and mandates (please refer to figure 1 below); and

• Civil society organizations (CSOs) where:

  • The CSO in question is named as SR in a grant proposal submitted by the CCM to the Global Fund, and UNDP has assessed the entity as having the capacity to take on the SR role.
  • The CSO in question was a former SR or PR of a Global Fund grant when there is a transfer of the PR role from another PR to the UNDP CO during the implementation term of that grant (rather than for the start of a new Global Fund grant).

In both instances mentioned above, the CSO engagement as SR is subject to the entity receiving a positive capacity assessment and value for money (VfM) assessment. The VfM assessment is conducted by UNDP CO and evaluated and authorized by the GFPHST.

Entities that qualify through this engagement modality are not required to undergo a formal competitive selection process under UNDP procurement rules and procedures with approval from the Contract, Assessment and Procurement Committee (CAP)/Regional Advisory Committee on Procurement (RACP)/Advisory Committee on Procurement (ACP). However, if the UNDP CO deems that there are alternatives to the entities so named, it is entitled to undertake a procurement engagement or other forms of engagement. The naming in the grant proposal; former SRs/PRs when there is a transfer PR role or authorization of the entities based on specific circumstances are the only cases in which CSOs are engaged through this modality. For this modality, a programming decision of the Local Project Appraisal Committee (LPAC) should be made prior to engagement. For all other cases, the engagement is subject to procurement engagement or other forms of engagement.

Figure 1. Selecting Government and UN Agencies by Proposal Defined Engagement

Figure 2. Selecting CSOs by Proposal Defined Engagement

Strategic selection and other forms of Engagement for selection of CSOs/NGOs

• UNDP COs should use UNDP’s POPP on Engaging CSO/NGO as a Responsible Party to select a CSO as an SR in the following cases: There is no CSO named in the grant proposal submitted by the CCM to the Global Fund;
• The CSO is not a former SR or PR when there is a transfer of the PR role from another PR to UNDP CO;
• The CSO is not exceptionally authorized by UNDP Global Fund Partnership and Health Systems Team (GFPHST) to go through proposal defined engagement modality; or
• The UNDP CO deems it appropriate to use another engagement modality.

The POPP outlines three modalities for UNDP’s engagement with NGOs/CSOs and highlights that selection of the appropriate instrument depends on the particular set of shared goals and planned results:

Strategic selection

This modality foresees selection of NGOs/CSOs as Responsible Parties and is subdivided into the following modalities:

1. Based on the assessment of NGOs/CSOs collaborative advantage. 2. Based on a competitive procurement selection process that can be completed through:

2.1. Quality-Based Fixed Budget Selection (QB-FBS).

2.2. Standard competitive procurement process - RFP selection process whereby NGOs/CSOs can participate in any UNDP selection of service providers to its projects. The competitive selection processes required by UNDP are fully set out in the UNDP POPP.

2.3. Direct contracting NGOs/CSOs, using the UNDP policy for justifying. The procurement methos required by UNDP are fully set out in the UNDP POPP.

Another form of engagement that is not applicable to UNDP-managed Global Fund programmes is programmatic engagement: when NGOs/CSOs are engaged as Implementing Partners (IP) and the agreement between UNDP and the NGO/CSO shall be formalized through the signing of a Project Cooperation Agreement (PCA). This modality is not applicable for use by UNDP COs to select Global Fund SRs as they are considered Responsible Parties, not Implementing Partners.

[1] For the purposes of this classification, this includes: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), faith-based organizations (FBOs), community-based organizations, community groups and academic institutions.

[2] Please refer to Global Funds Core Operational Policy Note on Additional Safeguards Policy (24 July 2015), for the Global Fund and CCM Role in an ASP Country.